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polish corridor
The Polish Corridor ((ドイツ語:Polnischer Korridor); (ポーランド語:Pomorze, Korytarz polski)), also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East Prussia. The Free City of Danzig (now the Polish city of Gdańsk) was separate from both Poland and Germany. A similar territory, also occasionally referred to as a corridor, had been connected to the Polish Crown as part of Royal Prussia during the period 1466–1772.〔''A History of Western Civilization'': ''Then came the acquisition of Prussia (separated from Brandenburg by the "Polish corridor")'' page 382, author Roland N. Stromberg Dorsey Press 1969.〕〔''The Scandinavians in History''. "Brandenburg, by the acquisition of Eastern Pomerania besides other territories within the empire was firmly established on the Baltic, though a Polish corridor running between Eastern Pomerania and East Prussia to Danzig denied her all she desired", page 174, author Stanley Mease Toyne. Ayer Publishing 1970〕
== Terminology ==
According to German historian Hartmut Boockmann the term "Corridor" was first used by Polish politicians,〔Hartmut Boockmann, Ostpreussen und Westpreussen, Siedler 2002, p. 401, ISBN 3-88680-212-4 ()〕 while Polish historian Grzegorz Lukomski writes that the word was coined by German nationalist propaganda of the 1920s.〔(Grzegorz Lukomski, The problem of Corridor in the Polish-German relationships and on the international stage 1918 - 1939. A political study ) (in Polish)〕 Internationally the term was used in the English language already as early as March 1919〔New York Times: March 18, 1919: (POLISH "CORRIDOR."; Paris Paper Sketches Proposed Strip to Danzig. ); March 17, 1919: (Plan to Give Germany Land Communication Across Polish Corridor to the Baltic )〕 and whatever its origins, it became a widespread term in English language usage.〔Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango, ''Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements'', 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis, 2003, p.1818, ISBN 0-415-93921-6: "Polish Corridor: International term for Poland's access to the Baltic in 1919-1939."〕〔Hartmut Boockmann, Ostpreussen und Westpreussen, Siedler 2002, p. 401,ISBN 3-88680-212-4 ()〕〔e.g.New York Times: March 18, 1919: (POLISH "CORRIDOR."; Paris Paper Sketches Proposed Strip to Danzig. ); August 16, 1920: (Russians Hoist the German Flag Over Soldau; Say Polish Corridor Will Be Returned to Germany ); March 17, 1919: (Plan to Give Germany Land Communication Across Polish Corridor to the Baltic ); November 16, 1930 (EUROPE SOREST SPOT: THE POLISH CORRIDOR.; THE OLD GERMAN PORT OF DANZIG ); August 17, 1932 (GERMANS UNITED ON POLISH CORRIDOR )〕〔Denmark: Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon, e.g., in the article about railways: ("the German railway network was reduced due to () territorial concessions following the (world ) war and is cut in two separate parts by the Polish corridor.")() (1930) and article about Poland () (1924)〕〔(New York Times early 1919 )〕〔(Time magazine, 1925 )〕〔Barbara Dotts Paul, ''The Polish-German Borderlands: An Annotated Bibliography'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 0-313-29162-4: contains an abundant collection of contemporary sources using Polish or Danzig Corridor〕
The equivalent German term is ''Polnischer Korridor''. Polish names include ''korytarz polski'' ("Polish corridor") and ''korytarz gdański'' ("Gdańsk corridor"); however, reference to the region as a corridor came to be regarded as offensive by interwar Polish diplomats. Among the harshest critics of the term ''corridor'' was Polish Foreign Minister Józef Beck, who in his May 5, 1939 speech in Sejm (Polish parliament) said: "I am insisting that the term ''Pomeranian Voivodeship'' should be used. The word ''corridor'' is an artificial idea, as this land has been Polish for centuries, with a small percentage of German settlers".〔(Official webpage of Polish Sejm, Chronicle of speeches )〕 Poles would commonly refer to the region as ''Pomorze Gdańskie'' ("Gdańsk Pomerania, Pomerelia") or simply ''Pomorze'' ("Pomerania"), or as ''województwo pomorskie'' ("Pomeranian Voivodeship"), which was the administrative name for the region.
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